Economy - overview Indonesia's sound macroeconomic management, combined with an emphasison rapid deregulation and encouragement of private investment resulted inreal GDP growth in 1991-96 averaging about 7%. This was impressive, but not sufficient to cut underemployment while absorbing the 2.3 million workersannually entering the labor force. Foreign investment has boosted manufacturingoutput and exports in recent years. The economy's growth is driven by continuingexpansion of nonoil exports. Plantation crops - rubber and palm oil - andtextiles and plywood are being encouraged for both export and job generation.Industrial output is based on diverse natural resources, including crude oil,natural gas, timber, metals, and coal. Japan remains Indonesia's most importantcustomer and supplier of aid. Growth in 1996 was led by industry, transport,and tourism. Strong growth should continue in 1997 assuming no sharp risein political uncertainty.

GDP purchasing power parity - $779.7 billion (1996 est.)

GDP - real growth rate 7% (1996 est.)

GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $3,770 (1996 est.)

GDP - composition by sector
agriculture : 17%
industry: 42%
services: 41% (1995 est.)

Inflation rate - consumer price index 7% (1996 est.)

Labor force
total: 67 million
by occupation: agriculture 55%, manufacturing 10%, construction 4%, transport and communications3%, other 28% (1985 est.)

Unemployment rate 3% official rate; underemployment 40% (1994 est.)

Budget
revenues: $41.5 billion
expenditures: $41.5 billion, including capital expenditures of $16 billion (FY97/98est.)

Industries petroleum and natural gas, textiles, mining, cement, chemical fertilizers,plywood, food, rubber; tourism

Industrial production growth rate 13.9% (1995 est.)

Electricity - capacity 16.27 million kW (1994)

Electricity - production 58.31 billion kWh (1994)

Electricity - consumption per capita 276 kWh (1995 est.)

Agriculture - products rice, cassava (tapioca), peanuts, rubber, cocoa, coffee, palm oil, copra,other tropical products; poultry, beef, pork, eggs

Exports
total value: $49.8 billion (f.o.b., 1996)
commodities: manufactures 51.9%, fuels 26.4%, foodstuffs 12.7%, raw materials 9.0%
partners: Japan 27.1%, US 13.9%, Singapore 8.3%, South Korea 6.4%, Taiwan 3.9%,China 3.8%, Hong Kong 3.6% (1995)

Imports
total value : $42.9 billion (f.o.b., 1996)
commodities: manufactures 75.3%, raw materials 9.0%, foodstuffs 7.8%, fuels 7.7%
partners: Japan 22.7%, US 11.7%, Germany 6.9%, South Korea 6.0%, Singapore 5.8%,Australia 5.0%, Taiwan 4.5% (1995)

Debt - external $110 billion (yearend 1996 est.)

Economic aid
recipient: ODA, $5.5 billion (FY97/98 est.)

Currency Indonesian rupiah (Rp)

Exchange rates Indonesian rupiahs (Rp) per US$1 - 2,393.0 (January 1997), 2,342.3 (1996),2,248.6 (1995), 2,160.8 (1994), 2,087.1 (1993), 2,029.9 (1992)

Fiscal year 1 April - 31 March

NOTE: The information regarding Indonesia on this page is re-published from the 1997 World Fact Book of the United States Central Intelligence Agency. No claims are made regarding the accuracy of Indonesia Economy 1997 information contained here. All suggestions for corrections of any errors about Indonesia Economy 1997 should be addressed to the CIA.