Economy - overview:
Estonia, a member of the European Union and the eurozone since 2004, has a modern market-based economy and one of the higher per capita income levels in Central Europe and the Baltic region. Estonia's successive governments have pursued a free market, pro-business economic agenda and have wavered little in their commitment to pro-market reforms. The current government has followed sound fiscal policies that have resulted in balanced budgets and low public debt. The economy benefits from strong electronics and telecommunications sectors and strong trade ties with Finland, Sweden, Russia, and Germany. Estonia's economy fell into recession in mid-2008, as a result of an investment and consumption slump following the bursting of the real estate market bubble and a decrease in export demand as result of economic slowdown in the rest of Europe, but the economy has recovered strongly in the last five years. Growth was expected to top 2% in 2014, before the events in Ukraine. Estonia adopted the euro on 1 January 2011.
GDP (purchasing power parity): GDP (official exchange rate): GDP - real growth rate: GDP - per capita (PPP): Gross national saving: GDP - composition, by end use:
GDP - composition, by sector of origin:
Agriculture - products: Industries: Industrial production growth rate: Labor force: Labor force - by occupation:
Unemployment rate: Population below poverty line: Household income or consumption by percentage share:
Distribution of family income - Gini index: Budget:
Taxes and other revenues: Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-): Public debt: Fiscal year: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Commercial bank prime lending rate: Stock of narrow money: Stock of broad money: Stock of domestic credit: Market value of publicly traded shares: Current account balance: Exports: Exports - commodities: Exports - partners: Imports: Imports - commodities: Imports - partners: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Debt - external: Stock of direct foreign investment - at home: Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad: Exchange rates:
$29.94 billion (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 114
$29.49 billion (2012 est.)
$28.37 billion (2011 est.)
note:
data are in 2013 US dollars
[see also: GDP country ranks ]
$24.28 billion (2013 est.)
[see also: GDP (official exchange rate) country ranks ]
1.5% (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 160
3.9% (2012 est.)
9.6% (2011 est.)
[see also: GDP - real growth rate country ranks ]
$22,400 (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 66
$22,000 (2012 est.)
$21,200 (2011 est.)
note:
data are in 2013 US dollars
[see also: GDP - per capita country ranks ]
23.9% of GDP (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 57
26.4% of GDP (2012 est.)
26.9% of GDP (2011 est.)
[see also: Gross national saving country ranks ]
household consumption:
50.6%
government consumption:
19%
investment in fixed capital:
24.5%
investment in inventories:
0.9%
exports of goods and services:
90.4%
imports of goods and services:
-90.3%
(2013 est.)
agriculture:
3.9%
industry:
30%
services:
66.2% (2013 est.)
grain, potatoes, vegetables; livestock and dairy products; fish
engineering, electronics, wood and wood products, textiles; information technology, telecommunications
3% (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 97
[see also: Industrial production growth rate country ranks ]
692,900 (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 152
[see also: Labor force country ranks ]
agriculture:
4.2%
industry:
20.2%
services:
75.6% (2010)
10.9% (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 114
10.2% (2012 est.)
[see also: Unemployment rate country ranks ]
17.5% (2010)
[see also: Population below poverty line country ranks ]
lowest 10%:
2.7%
highest 10%:
27.7% (2004)
31.3 (2010)
country comparison to the world: 111
37 (1999)
[see also: Distribution of family income - Gini index country ranks ]
revenues:
$8.489 billion
expenditures:
$8.615 billion (2013 est.)
35% of GDP (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 68
[see also: Taxes and other revenues country ranks ]
-0.5% of GDP (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 58
[see also: Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-) country ranks ]
6% of GDP (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 157
5.8% of GDP (2012 est.)
note:
data cover general government debt, and includes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities, including sub-sectors of central government, state government, local government, and social security funds
[see also: Public debt country ranks ]
calendar year
3.4% (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 124
3.9% (2012 est.)
[see also: Inflation rate (consumer prices) country ranks ]
5.5% (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 136
5.75% (31 December 2012 est.)
[see also: Commercial bank prime lending rate country ranks ]
$9.994 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 77
$8.191 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
note:
this figure represents the US dollar value of Estonian kroon in circulation prior to Estonia's joining the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); see entry for the European Union for money supply in the euro area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy for the 17 members of the EMU; individual members of the EMU do not control the quantity of money circulating within their own borders
[see also: Stock of narrow money country ranks ]
$13.64 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 94
$12.71 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
[see also: Stock of broad money country ranks ]
$19.16 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 82
$19.24 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
[see also: Stock of domestic credit country ranks ]
$2.332 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 91
$1.611 billion (31 December 2011)
$2.26 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
[see also: Market value of publicly traded shares country ranks ]
-$352.3 million (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 93
-$267.7 million (2012 est.)
[see also: Current account balance country ranks ]
$15.11 billion (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 79
$14.46 billion (2012 est.)
[see also: Exports country ranks ]
machinery and electrical equipment 21%, wood and wood products 9%, metals 9%, furniture 7%, vehicles and parts 5%, food products and beverages 4%, textiles 4%, plastics 3%
Sweden 16.8%, Finland 15.3%, Russia 12.7%, Latvia 9.2%, Lithuania 5.7%, Germany 4.8% (2012)
$16.38 billion (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 85
$15.6 billion (2012 est.)
[see also: Imports country ranks ]
machinery and electrical equipment, mineral fuels, chemical products, foodstuffs, plastics, textiles
Finland 15.1%, Germany 10.7%, Sweden 10.7%, Latvia 10%, Lithuania 9%, Poland 6.6%, China 4.4%, Russia 4.1% (2012)
$372.3 million (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 151
$300.7 million (31 December 2012 est.)
[see also: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold country ranks ]
$26.74 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 76
$25.69 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
[see also: Debt - external country ranks ]
$21.73 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 69
$20.87 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
[see also: Stock of direct foreign investment - at home country ranks ]
$7.34 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 59
$7.84 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
[see also: Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad country ranks ]
kroon (EEK) per US dollar -
0.7697 (2013 est.)
0.7778 (2012 est.)
11.81 (2010 est.)
11.23 (2009)
10.7 (2008)