Page last updated on June 22, 2014

Economy - overview:
Indonesia, a vast polyglot nation, has grown strongly since 2010. During the global financial crisis, Indonesia outperformed its regional neighbors and joined China and India as the only G20 members posting growth. The government has promoted fiscally conservative policies, resulting in a debt-to-GDP ratio of less than 25% and historically low rates of inflation. Fitch and Moody's upgraded Indonesia's credit rating to investment grade in December 2011. Indonesia still struggles with poverty and unemployment, inadequate infrastructure, corruption, a complex regulatory environment, and unequal resource distribution among regions. The government also faces the challenges of quelling labor unrest and reducing fuel subsidies in the face of high oil prices.

GDP (purchasing power parity):
$1.285 trillion (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 16
$1.22 trillion (2012 est.)
$1.149 trillion (2011 est.)
note: data are in 2013 US dollars
[see also: GDP country ranks ]

GDP (official exchange rate):
$867.5 billion (2013 est.)
[see also: GDP (official exchange rate) country ranks ]

GDP - real growth rate:
5.3% (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 49
6.2% (2012 est.)
6.5% (2011 est.)
[see also: GDP - real growth rate country ranks ]

GDP - per capita (PPP):
$5,200 (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 158
$5,000 (2012 est.)
$4,800 (2011 est.)
note: data are in 2013 US dollars
[see also: GDP - per capita country ranks ]

Gross national saving:
31.5% of GDP (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 24
32.6% of GDP (2012 est.)
33.1% of GDP (2011 est.)
[see also: Gross national saving country ranks ]

GDP - composition, by end use:
household consumption: 56%
government consumption: 9.4%
investment in fixed capital: 32.7%
investment in inventories: 2%
exports of goods and services: 23.5%
imports of goods and services: -25.8%
(2013 est.)

GDP - composition, by sector of origin:
agriculture: 14.3%
industry: 46.6%
services: 39.1% (2013 est.)

Agriculture - products:
rubber and similar products, palm oil, poultry, beef, forest products, shrimp, cocoa, coffee, medicinal herbs, essential oil, fish and its similar products, and spices

Industries:
petroleum and natural gas, textiles, automotive, electrical appliances, apparel, footwear, mining, cement, medical instuments and appliances, handicrafts, chemical fertilizers, plywood, rubber, processed food, jewelry, and tourism

Industrial production growth rate:
4.3% (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 67
[see also: Industrial production growth rate country ranks ]

Labor force:
120 million (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 5
[see also: Labor force country ranks ]

Labor force - by occupation:
agriculture: 38.9%
industry: 13.2%
services: 47.9% (2012 est.)

Unemployment rate:
6.6% (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 70
6.1% (2012 est.)
[see also: Unemployment rate country ranks ]

Population below poverty line:
11.7% (2012 est.)
[see also: Population below poverty line country ranks ]

Household income or consumption by percentage share:
lowest 10%: 3.3%
highest 10%: 29.9% (2009)

Distribution of family income - Gini index:
36.8 (2009)
country comparison to the world: 82
39.4 (2005)
[see also: Distribution of family income - Gini index country ranks ]

Budget:
revenues: $137.5 billion
expenditures: $166 billion (2013 est.)

Taxes and other revenues:
15.8% of GDP (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 190
[see also: Taxes and other revenues country ranks ]

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-):
-3.3% of GDP (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 133
[see also: Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-) country ranks ]

Public debt:
24.2% of GDP (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 129
23% of GDP (2012 est.)
[see also: Public debt country ranks ]

Fiscal year:
calendar year

Inflation rate (consumer prices):
7.7% (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 193
4.3% (2012 est.)
[see also: Inflation rate (consumer prices) country ranks ]

Central bank discount rate:
6.37% (31 December 2010)
country comparison to the world: 57
6.46% (31 December 2009)
note: this figure represents the 3-month SBI rate; the Bank of Indonesia has not employed the one-month SBI since September 2010
[see also: Central bank discount rate country ranks ]

Commercial bank prime lending rate:
12.1% (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 67
11.8% (31 December 2012 est.)
note: these figures represent the average annualized rate on working capital loans
[see also: Commercial bank prime lending rate country ranks ]

Stock of narrow money:
$82.99 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 39
$87.04 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
[see also: Stock of narrow money country ranks ]

Stock of broad money:
$325 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 29
$342 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
[see also: Stock of broad money country ranks ]

Stock of domestic credit:
$336.2 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 33
$350 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
[see also: Stock of domestic credit country ranks ]

Market value of publicly traded shares:
$396.8 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 24
$390.1 billion (31 December 2011)
$360.4 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
[see also: Market value of publicly traded shares country ranks ]

Current account balance:
-$28.72 billion (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 184
-$24.07 billion (2012 est.)
[see also: Current account balance country ranks ]

Exports:
$178.9 billion (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 29
$187.3 billion (2012 est.)
[see also: Exports country ranks ]

Exports - commodities:
oil and gas, electrical appliances, plywood, textiles, rubber

Exports - partners:
Japan 15.9%, China 11.4%, Singapore 9%, South Korea 7.9%, US 7.8%, India 6.6%, Malaysia 5.9% (2012)

Imports:
$178.6 billion (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 28
$178.7 billion (2012 est.)
[see also: Imports country ranks ]

Imports - commodities:
machinery and equipment, chemicals, fuels, foodstuffs

Imports - partners:
China 15.3%, Singapore 13.6%, Japan 11.9%, Malaysia 6.4%, South Korea 6.2%, US 6.1%, Thailand 6% (2012)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
$83.45 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 27
$112.8 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
[see also: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold country ranks ]

Debt - external:
$223.8 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 33
$224.1 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
[see also: Debt - external country ranks ]

Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:
$207.2 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 27
$192.7 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
[see also: Stock of direct foreign investment - at home country ranks ]

Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:
$17.41 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 48
$14.81 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
[see also: Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad country ranks ]

Exchange rates:
Indonesian rupiah (IDR) per US dollar -
10,341.6 (2013 est.)
9,386.63 (2012 est.)
9,090.4 (2010 est.)
10,389.9 (2009)
9,698.9 (2008)