Economy - overview:
Among the 25 poorest countries in the world, Mali is a landlocked country that depends on gold mining and agricultural exports for revenue. Economic activity is largely confined to the riverine area irrigated by the Niger River and about 65% of its land area is desert or semidesert. About 10% of the population is nomadic and about 80% of the labor force is engaged in farming and fishing. Mali remains dependent on foreign aid. The country's fiscal status fluctuates with gold and agricultural commodity prices and the harvest; cotton and gold exports make up around 80% of export earnings. Industrial activity is concentrated on processing farm commodities. Mali is developing its iron ore extraction industry to diversify foreign exchange earnings away from gold. Mali has invested in tourism but security issues hurt the industry. Mali experienced economic growth of about 5% per year between 1996-2011, but the global recession, a military coup, and terrorist activity in the north of the country caused a decline in output in 2012; growth resumed at a slow pace in 2013. The main threat to Mali�?"s economy is a return to physical insecurity. Other long term threats to the economy include high population growth, corruption, a weak infrastructure, and low levels of human capital.
GDP (purchasing power parity): GDP (official exchange rate): GDP - real growth rate: GDP - per capita (PPP): Gross national saving: GDP - composition, by end use:
GDP - composition, by sector of origin:
Agriculture - products: Industries: Industrial production growth rate: Labor force: Labor force - by occupation:
Unemployment rate: Population below poverty line: Household income or consumption by percentage share:
Distribution of family income - Gini index: Budget:
Taxes and other revenues: Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-): Public debt: Fiscal year: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Central bank discount rate: Commercial bank prime lending rate: Stock of narrow money: Stock of broad money: Stock of domestic credit: Market value of publicly traded shares: Current account balance: Exports: Exports - commodities: Exports - partners: Imports: Imports - commodities: Imports - partners: Debt - external: Stock of direct foreign investment - at home: Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad: Exchange rates:
$18.9 billion (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 138
$18.03 billion (2012 est.)
$18.25 billion (2011 est.)
note:
data are in 2013 US dollars
[see also: GDP country ranks ]
$11.37 billion (2013 est.)
[see also: GDP (official exchange rate) country ranks ]
4.8% (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 61
-1.2% (2012 est.)
2.7% (2011 est.)
[see also: GDP - real growth rate country ranks ]
$1,100 (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 216
$1,100 (2012 est.)
$1,200 (2011 est.)
note:
data are in 2013 US dollars
[see also: GDP - per capita country ranks ]
15.8% of GDP (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 105
21.6% of GDP (2012 est.)
12.1% of GDP (2011 est.)
[see also: Gross national saving country ranks ]
household consumption:
68.8%
government consumption:
18.6%
investment in fixed capital:
23.5%
investment in inventories:
0.6%
exports of goods and services:
22.5%
imports of goods and services:
-34%
(2013 est.)
agriculture:
38.5%
industry:
24.4%
services:
37% (2013 est.)
cotton, millet, rice, corn, vegetables, peanuts; cattle, sheep, goats
food processing; construction; phosphate and gold mining
7% (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 33
[see also: Industrial production growth rate country ranks ]
3.241 million (2007 est.)
country comparison to the world: 101
[see also: Labor force country ranks ]
agriculture:
80%
industry and services:
20% (2005 est.)
30% (2004 est.)
country comparison to the world: 183
[see also: Unemployment rate country ranks ]
36.1% (2005 est.)
[see also: Population below poverty line country ranks ]
lowest 10%:
3.5%
highest 10%:
25.8% (2010 est.)
40.1 (2001)
country comparison to the world: 58
50.5 (1994)
[see also: Distribution of family income - Gini index country ranks ]
revenues:
$2.868 billion
expenditures:
$2.948 billion (2013 est.)
25.2% of GDP (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 123
[see also: Taxes and other revenues country ranks ]
-0.7% of GDP (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 60
[see also: Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-) country ranks ]
30.5% of GDP (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 122
27.5% of GDP (2012 est.)
[see also: Public debt country ranks ]
calendar year
0.1% (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 8
5.4% (2012 est.)
[see also: Inflation rate (consumer prices) country ranks ]
16% (31 December 2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 85
4.25% (31 December 2009 est.)
[see also: Central bank discount rate country ranks ]
9.3% (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 94
9.3% (31 December 2012 est.)
[see also: Commercial bank prime lending rate country ranks ]
$2.848 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 116
$2.583 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
[see also: Stock of narrow money country ranks ]
$3.942 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 139
$3.446 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
[see also: Stock of broad money country ranks ]
$2.234 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 130
$2.102 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
[see also: Stock of domestic credit country ranks ]
$NA
[see also: Market value of publicly traded shares country ranks ]
-$918 million (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 117
-$737.5 million (2012 est.)
[see also: Current account balance country ranks ]
$2.577 billion (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 135
$2.756 billion (2012 est.)
[see also: Exports country ranks ]
cotton, gold, livestock
China 52.9%, Malaysia 11%, Indonesia 5.3%, India 4.1% (2012)
$2.895 billion (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 150
$2.794 billion (2012 est.)
[see also: Imports country ranks ]
petroleum, machinery and equipment, construction materials, foodstuffs, textiles
France 11.2%, Senegal 9.9%, Cote dIvoire 8.7%, China 8.6% (2012)
$3.349 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 132
$3.041 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
[see also: Debt - external country ranks ]
$2.75 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 97
$2.545 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
[see also: Stock of direct foreign investment - at home country ranks ]
$NA (31 December 2013 est.)
$848.2 million (31 December 2012 est.)
[see also: Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad country ranks ]
Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar -
500.7 (2013 est.)
510.53 (2012 est.)
495.28 (2010 est.)
472.19 (2009)
447.81 (2008)