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Romania Geography 1999

    Location: Southeastern Europe, bordering the Black Sea, between Bulgaria and Ukraine

    Geographic coordinates: 46 00 N, 25 00 E

    Map references: Europe

    Area:
    total: 237,500 sq km
    land: 230,340 sq km
    water: 7,160 sq km

    Area—comparative: slightly smaller than Oregon

    Land boundaries:
    total: 2,508 km
    border countries: Bulgaria 608 km, Hungary 443 km, Moldova 450 km, Serbia and Montenegro 476 km (all with Serbia), Ukraine (north) 362 km, Ukraine (east) 169 km

    Coastline: 225 km

    Maritime claims:
    contiguous zone: 24 nm
    continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
    exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
    territorial sea: 12 nm

    Climate: temperate; cold, cloudy winters with frequent snow and fog; sunny summers with frequent showers and thunderstorms

    Terrain: central Transylvanian Basin is separated from the Plain of Moldavia on the east by the Carpathian Mountains and separated from the Walachian Plain on the south by the Transylvanian Alps

    Elevation extremes:
    lowest point: Black Sea 0 m
    highest point: Moldoveanu 2,544 m

    Natural resources: petroleum (reserves declining), timber, natural gas, coal, iron ore, salt

    Land use:
    arable land: 41%
    permanent crops: 3%
    permanent pastures: 21%
    forests and woodland: 29%
    other: 6% (1993 est.)

    Irrigated land: 31,020 sq km (1993 est.)

    Natural hazards: earthquakes most severe in south and southwest; geologic structure and climate promote landslides

    Environment—current issues: soil erosion and degradation; water pollution; air pollution in south from industrial effluents; contamination of Danube delta wetlands

    Environment—international agreements:
    party to: Air Pollution, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
    signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol

    Geography—note: controls most easily traversable land route between the Balkans, Moldova, and Ukraine

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Revised 1-Mar-99
Copyright © 1999 Photius Coutsoukis (all rights reserved)