Railways:
total:
150,000 km; note—87,000 km in common carrier service; 63,000 km serve
specific industries and are not available for common carrier use
broad gauge:
150,000 km 1.520-m gauge (January 1997 est.)
Highways:
total:
948,000 km (including 416,000 km which serve specific industries or farms
and are not maintained by governmental highway maintenance departments)
paved:
336,000 km
unpaved:
612,000 km (including 411,000 km of graveled or some other form of
surfacing and 201,000 km of unstabilized earth) (1995 est.)
Waterways:
total navigable routes in general use 101,000 km; routes with navigation
guides serving the Russian River Fleet 95,900 km; routes with night
navigational aids 60,400 km; man-made navigable routes 16,900 km (January
1994 est.)
Pipelines:
crude oil 48,000 km; petroleum products 15,000 km; natural gas 140,000 km
(June 1993 est.)
Ports and harbors:
Arkhangel'sk, Astrakhan', Kaliningrad, Kazan', Khabarovsk, Kholmsk,
Krasnoyarsk, Moscow, Murmansk, Nakhodka, Nevel'sk, Novorossiysk,
Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskiy, St. Petersburg, Rostov, Sochi, Tuapse,
Vladivostok, Volgograd, Vostochnyy, Vyborg
Merchant marine:
total:
617 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 4,146,329 GRT/5,278,909 DWT
ships by type:
barge carrier 1, bulk 19, cargo 309, combination bulk 21, combination
ore/oil 6, container 25, multifunction large-load carrier 1, oil tanker
149, passenger 35, passenger-cargo 3, refrigerated cargo 16,
roll-on/roll-off cargo 25, short-sea passenger 7 (1998 est.)
Airports:
2,517 (1994 est.)
Airports—with paved runways:
total:
630
over 3,047 m:
54
2,438 to 3,047 m:
202
1,524 to 2,437 m:
108
914 to 1,523 m:
115
under 914 m:
151 (1994 est.)
Airports—with unpaved runways:
total:
1,887
over 3,047 m:
25
2,438 to 3,047 m:
45
1,524 to 2,437 m:
134
914 to 1,523 m:
291
under 914 m:
1,392 (1994 est.)
