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    Colombia Geography 2000

      Location: Northern South America, bordering the Caribbean Sea, between Panama and Venezuela, and bordering the North Pacific Ocean, between Ecuador and Panama

      Geographic coordinates: 4 00 N, 72 00 W

      Map references: South America, Central America and the Caribbean

      Area:
      total: 1,138,910 sq km
      land: 1,038,700 sq km
      water: 100,210 sq km
      note: includes Isla de Malpelo, Roncador Cay, Serrana Bank, and Serranilla Bank

      Area - comparative: slightly less than three times the size of Montana

      Land boundaries:
      total: 6,004 km
      border countries: Brazil 1,643 km, Ecuador 590 km, Panama 225 km, Peru 1,496 km (est.), Venezuela 2,050 km

      Coastline: 3,208 km (Caribbean Sea 1,760 km, North Pacific Ocean 1,448 km)

      Maritime claims:
      continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
      exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
      territorial sea: 12 nm

      Climate: tropical along coast and eastern plains; cooler in highlands

      Terrain: flat coastal lowlands, central highlands, high Andes Mountains, eastern lowland plains

      Elevation extremes:
      lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m
      highest point: Nevado del Huila 5,750 m

      Natural resources: petroleum, natural gas, coal, iron ore, nickel, gold, copper, emeralds, hydropower

      Land use:
      arable land: 4%
      permanent crops: 1%
      permanent pastures: 39%
      forests and woodland: 48%
      other: 8% (1993 est.)

      Irrigated land: 5,300 sq km (1993 est.)

      Natural hazards: highlands subject to volcanic eruptions; occasional earthquakes; periodic droughts

      Environment - current issues: deforestation; soil damage from overuse of pesticides; air pollution, especially in Bogota, from vehicle emissions

      Environment - international agreements:
      party to: Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands
      signed, but not ratified: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping

      Geography - note: only South American country with coastlines on both North Pacific Ocean and Caribbean Sea

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    Revised 01-Nov-00
    Copyright © 2000 Photius Coutsoukis (all rights reserved)