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Iran Economy 2000 Economy - overview: Iran's economy is a mixture of central planning, state ownership of oil and other large enterprises, village agriculture, and small-scale private trading and service ventures. President KHATAMI has continued to follow the market reform plans of former President RAFSANJANI and has indicated that he will pursue diversification of Iran's oil-reliant economy although he has made little progress toward that goal. The strong oil market in 1996 helped ease financial pressures on Iran and allowed for Tehran's timely debt service payments. Iran's financial situation tightened in 1997 and deteriorated further in 1998 because of lower oil prices. The subsequent zoom in oil prices in 1999 afforded Iran fiscal breathing room but does not solve Iran's structural economic problems. GDP: purchasing power parity - $347.6 billion (1999 est.) GDP - real growth rate: 1% (1999 est.) GDP - per capita: purchasing power parity - $5,300 (1999 est.) GDP - composition by sector:
Population below poverty line: 53% (1996 est.) Household income or consumption by percentage share:
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 30% (1999 est.) Labor force:
15.4 million
Labor force - by occupation: agriculture 33%, industry 25%, services 42% (1997 est.) Unemployment rate: 25% (1999 est.) Budget:
Industries: petroleum, petrochemicals, textiles, cement and other construction materials, food processing (particularly sugar refining and vegetable oil production), metal fabricating, armaments Industrial production growth rate: 5.7% (FY95/96 est.) Electricity - production: 95.31 billion kWh (1998) Electricity - production by source:
Electricity - consumption: 88.638 billion kWh (1998) Electricity - exports: 0 kWh (1998) Electricity - imports: 0 kWh (1998) Agriculture - products: wheat, rice, other grains, sugar beets, fruits, nuts, cotton; dairy products, wool; caviar Exports: $12.2 billion (f.o.b., 1998 est.) Exports - commodities: petroleum 80%, carpets, fruits, nuts, hides, iron, steel Exports - partners: Japan, Italy, Greece, France, Spain, South Korea Imports: $13.8 billion (f.o.b., 1998 est.) Imports - commodities: machinery, military supplies, metal works, foodstuffs, pharmaceuticals, technical services, refined oil products Imports - partners: Germany, Italy, Japan, UAE, UK, Belgium Debt - external: $21.9 billion (1996 est.) Economic aid - recipient: $116.5 million (1995) Currency: 10 Iranian rials (IR) = 1 toman; note - domestic figures are generally referred to in terms of the toman Exchange rates: Iranian rials (IR) per US$1 - 1,754.90 (January 2000), 1,725.93 (1999), 1,751.86 (1998), 1,752.92 (1997), 1,750.76 (1996), 1,747.93 (1995); black market rate: 7,000 rials per US$1 (December 1998); note - as of May 1995, the "official rate" of 1,750 rials per US$1 is used for imports of essential goods and services and for oil exports, whereas the "official export rate" of 3,000 rials per US$1 is used for non-oil exports and imports not covered by the official rate Fiscal year: 21 March - 20 March |