Location:
Northern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea, Gulf of Bothnia, and Gulf of Finland, between Sweden and Russia
Geographic coordinates:
64 00 N, 26 00 E
Map references:
Europe
Area:
Area - comparative: Land boundaries:
Coastline: Maritime claims:
Climate: Terrain: Elevation extremes:
Natural resources: Land use:
Irrigated land: Total renewable water resources: Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural):
Environment - current issues: Environment - international agreements:
Geography - note:
total:
338,145 sq km
country comparison to the world: 65
land:
303,815 sq km
water:
34,330 sq km
slightly smaller than Montana
total:
2,563 km
border countries:
Norway 709 km, Sweden 545 km, Russia 1,309 km
[see also: Land boundaries country ranks ]
1,250 km
[see also: Coastline country ranks ]
territorial sea:
12 nm (in the Gulf of Finland - 3 nm)
contiguous zone:
24 nm
exclusive fishing zone:
12 nm; extends to continental shelf boundary with Sweden
continental shelf:
200 m depth or to the depth of exploitation
cold temperate; potentially subarctic but comparatively mild because of moderating influence of the North Atlantic Current, Baltic Sea, and more than 60,000 lakes
More Climate Details
mostly low, flat to rolling plains interspersed with lakes and low hills
lowest point:
Baltic Sea 0 m
highest point:
Halti (alternatively Haltia, Haltitunturi, Haltiatunturi) 1,328 m
timber, iron ore, copper, lead, zinc, chromite, nickel, gold, silver, limestone
arable land:
6.65%
permanent crops:
0.01%
other:
93.34% (2011)
685.8 sq km (2010)
[see also: Irrigated land country ranks ]
110 cu km (2011)
[see also: Total renewable water resources country ranks ]
total:
1.63 cu km/yr (25%/72%/3%)
per capita:
308.9 cu m/yr (2005)
air pollution from manufacturing and power plants contributing to acid rain; water pollution from industrial wastes, agricultural chemicals; habitat loss threatens wildlife populations
party to:
Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified:
none of the selected agreements
long boundary with Russia; Helsinki is northernmost national capital on European continent; population concentrated on small southwestern coastal plain