Economy - overview:
Kazakhstan, geographically the largest of the former Soviet republics, excluding Russia, possesses enormous fossil fuel reserves and plentiful supplies of other minerals and metals, such as uranium, copper, and zinc. It also has a large agricultural sector featuring livestock and grain. In 2002 Kazakhstan became the first country in the former Soviet Union to receive an investment-grade credit rating. Extractive industries have been and will continue to be the engine of Kazakhstan's growth, although the country is aggressively pursuing diversification strategies. Landlocked, with restricted access to the high seas, Kazakhstan relies on its neighbors to export its products, especially oil and grain. Although its Caspian Sea ports, pipelines, and rail lines carrying oil have been upgraded, civil aviation and roadways continue to need attention. Telecoms are improving, but require considerable investment, as does the information technology base. Supply and distribution of electricity can be erratic because of regional dependencies, but the country is moving forward with plans to improve reliability of electricity and gas supply to its population. At the end of 2007, global financial markets froze up and the loss of capital inflows to Kazakhstani banks caused a credit crunch. The subsequent and sharp fall of oil and commodity prices in 2008 aggravated the economic situation, and Kazakhstan plunged into recession. While the global financial crisis took a significant toll on Kazakhstan's economy, it has rebounded well, helped by prudent government measures. Rising commodity prices have helped the recovery. Despite solid macroeconomic indicators, the government realizes that its economy suffers from an overreliance on oil and extractive industries, the so-called "Dutch disease." In response, Kazakhstan has embarked on an ambitious diversification program, aimed at developing targeted sectors like transport, pharmaceuticals, telecommunications, petrochemicals and food processing. In 2010 Kazakhstan joined the Belarus-Kazakhstan-Russia Customs Union in an effort to boost foreign investment and improve trade relationships.
GDP (purchasing power parity): GDP (official exchange rate): GDP - real growth rate: GDP - per capita (PPP): Gross national saving: GDP - composition, by end use:
GDP - composition, by sector of origin:
Agriculture - products: Industries: Industrial production growth rate: Labor force: Labor force - by occupation:
Unemployment rate: Population below poverty line: Household income or consumption by percentage share:
Distribution of family income - Gini index: Budget:
Taxes and other revenues: Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-): Public debt: Fiscal year: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Central bank discount rate: Commercial bank prime lending rate: Stock of narrow money: Stock of broad money: Stock of domestic credit: Market value of publicly traded shares: Current account balance: Exports: Exports - commodities: Exports - partners: Imports: Imports - commodities: Imports - partners: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Debt - external: Stock of direct foreign investment - at home: Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad: Exchange rates:
$243.6 billion (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 53
$231.9 billion (2012 est.)
$220.6 billion (2011 est.)
note:
data are in 2013 US dollars
[see also: GDP country ranks ]
$224.9 billion (2013 est.)
[see also: GDP (official exchange rate) country ranks ]
5% (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 57
5.1% (2012 est.)
7.5% (2011 est.)
[see also: GDP - real growth rate country ranks ]
$14,100 (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 96
$13,700 (2012 est.)
$13,200 (2011 est.)
note:
data are in 2013 US dollars
[see also: GDP - per capita country ranks ]
28.8% of GDP (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 31
23.9% of GDP (2012 est.)
28.4% of GDP (2011 est.)
[see also: Gross national saving country ranks ]
household consumption:
51%
government consumption:
12.4%
investment in fixed capital:
22.1%
investment in inventories:
2.5%
exports of goods and services:
44.6%
imports of goods and services:
-32.6%
(2013 est.)
agriculture:
5.2%
industry:
37.9%
services:
56.9% (2011 est.)
grain (mostly spring wheat and barley), potatoes, vegetables, melons; livestock
oil, coal, iron ore, manganese, chromite, lead, zinc, copper, titanium, bauxite, gold, silver, phosphates, sulfur, uranium, iron and steel; tractors and other agricultural machinery, electric motors, construction materials
2.1% (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 122
[see also: Industrial production growth rate country ranks ]
9.022 million (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 52
[see also: Labor force country ranks ]
agriculture:
25.8%
industry:
11.9%
services:
62.3% (2012)
5.3% (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 51
5.3% (2012 est.)
[see also: Unemployment rate country ranks ]
5.3% (2011 est.)
[see also: Population below poverty line country ranks ]
lowest 10%:
3.9%
highest 10%:
23.7% (2011 est.)
28.9 (2011)
country comparison to the world: 122
31.5 (2003)
[see also: Distribution of family income - Gini index country ranks ]
revenues:
$43.88 billion
expenditures:
$49 billion (2013 est.)
19.5% of GDP (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 168
[see also: Taxes and other revenues country ranks ]
-2.3% of GDP (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 93
[see also: Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-) country ranks ]
15.6% of GDP (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 143
13.2% of GDP (2012 est.)
[see also: Public debt country ranks ]
calendar year
5.8% (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 168
5.1% (2012 est.)
[see also: Inflation rate (consumer prices) country ranks ]
5.5% (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 37
7.5% (31 December 2011 est.)
[see also: Central bank discount rate country ranks ]
NA% (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 127
6.6% (31 December 2012 est.)
[see also: Commercial bank prime lending rate country ranks ]
$24.51 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 63
$25.82 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
[see also: Stock of narrow money country ranks ]
$70.36 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 63
$65.71 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
[see also: Stock of broad money country ranks ]
$87.05 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 56
$83.08 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
[see also: Stock of domestic credit country ranks ]
$23.5 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 50
$43.3 billion (31 December 2011)
$60.74 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
[see also: Market value of publicly traded shares country ranks ]
$1.965 billion (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 41
$640.5 million (2012 est.)
[see also: Current account balance country ranks ]
$87.23 billion (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 43
$86.93 billion (2012 est.)
[see also: Exports country ranks ]
oil and oil products, natural gas, ferrous metals, chemicals, machinery, grain, wool, meat, coal
China 19.3%, Italy 18.1%, Netherlands 8.8%, France 6.6%, Switzerland 5.8%, Austria 5.8% (2012)
$52.03 billion (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 55
$49.08 billion (2012 est.)
[see also: Imports country ranks ]
machinery and equipment, metal products, foodstuffs
China 28%, Ukraine 10.9%, Germany 8.5%, US 7.9% (2012)
$29.34 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 53
$28.28 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
[see also: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold country ranks ]
$131.3 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 43
$133.5 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
[see also: Debt - external country ranks ]
$123.5 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 37
$111.5 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
[see also: Stock of direct foreign investment - at home country ranks ]
$26.53 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 44
$25.53 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
[see also: Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad country ranks ]
tenge (KZT) per US dollar -
151.8 (2013 est.)
149.11 (2012 est.)
147.36 (2010 est.)
147.5 (2009)
120.25 (2008)