Economy - overview:
Despite recent progress, Moldova remains one of the poorest countries in Europe. With a moderate climate and good farmland, Moldova's economy relies heavily on its agriculture sector, featuring fruits, vegetables, wine, and tobacco. Moldova also depends on annual remittances of about $1.6 billion from the roughly one million Moldovans working in Europe, Russia, and other former Soviet Bloc countries. With few natural energy resources, Moldova imports almost all of its energy supplies from Russia and Ukraine. Moldova's dependence on Russian energy is underscored by a growing $5 billion debt to Russian natural gas supplier Gazprom, largely the result of unreimbursed natural gas consumption in the separatist Transnistria region. In August 2013, work began on a new pipeline between Moldova and Romania that may eventually break Russia's monopoly on Moldova's gas supplies. The government's goal of EU integration has resulted in some market-oriented progress. Moldova experienced better than expected economic growth in 2013 due to increased agriculture production, to economic policies adopted by the Moldovan government since 2009, and to the receipt of EU trade preferences. Moldova is poised to sign an Association Agreement and a Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Agreement with the EU during fall 2014, connecting Moldovan products to the world�?"s largest market. Still, growth has been hampered by high prices for Russian natural gas, a Russian import ban on Moldovan wine, increased foreign scrutiny of Moldovan agricultural products, and by Moldova�?"s large external debt. Over the longer term, Moldova's economy remains vulnerable to political uncertainty, weak administrative capacity, vested bureaucratic interests, corruption, higher fuel prices, Russian pressure, and the illegal separatist regime in Moldova's Transnistria region.
GDP (purchasing power parity): GDP (official exchange rate): GDP - real growth rate: GDP - per capita (PPP): Gross national saving: GDP - composition, by end use:
GDP - composition, by sector of origin:
Agriculture - products: Industries: Industrial production growth rate: Labor force: Labor force - by occupation:
Unemployment rate: Population below poverty line: Household income or consumption by percentage share:
Distribution of family income - Gini index: Budget:
Taxes and other revenues: Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-): Public debt: Fiscal year: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Central bank discount rate: Commercial bank prime lending rate: Stock of narrow money: Stock of broad money: Stock of domestic credit: Market value of publicly traded shares: Current account balance: Exports: Exports - commodities: Exports - partners: Imports: Imports - commodities: Imports - partners: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Debt - external: Stock of direct foreign investment - at home: Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad: Exchange rates:
$13.25 billion (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 149
$12.16 billion (2012 est.)
$12.26 billion (2011 est.)
note:
data are in 2013 US dollars
[see also: GDP country ranks ]
$7.932 billion (2013 est.)
[see also: GDP (official exchange rate) country ranks ]
8.9% (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 8
-0.7% (2012 est.)
6.8% (2011 est.)
[see also: GDP - real growth rate country ranks ]
$3,800 (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 172
$3,500 (2012 est.)
$3,500 (2011 est.)
note:
data are in 2013 US dollars
[see also: GDP - per capita country ranks ]
16.9% of GDP (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 98
16.1% of GDP (2012 est.)
11.8% of GDP (2011 est.)
[see also: Gross national saving country ranks ]
household consumption:
92.9%
government consumption:
20.6%
investment in fixed capital:
22.6%
investment in inventories:
1.7%
exports of goods and services:
44.1%
imports of goods and services:
-81.9%
(2013 est.)
agriculture:
13.8%
industry:
19.9%
services:
66.2% (2013 est.)
vegetables, fruits, grapes, grain, sugar beets, sunflower seeds, tobacco; beef, milk; wine
sugar, vegetable oil, food processing, agricultural machinery; foundry equipment, refrigerators and freezers, washing machines; hosiery, shoes, textiles
6.8% (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 38
[see also: Industrial production growth rate country ranks ]
1.206 million (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 139
[see also: Labor force country ranks ]
agriculture:
26.4%
industry:
13.2%
services:
60.4% (2012 est.)
5.8% (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 57
5.6% (2012 est.)
[see also: Unemployment rate country ranks ]
21.9% (2010 est.)
[see also: Population below poverty line country ranks ]
lowest 10%:
3.3%
highest 10%:
26% (2010 est.)
33 (2010)
country comparison to the world: 100
33.2 (2003)
[see also: Distribution of family income - Gini index country ranks ]
revenues:
$2.931 billion
expenditures:
$3.071 billion
note:
National Public Budget (2013 est.)
37% of GDP (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 57
[see also: Taxes and other revenues country ranks ]
-1.8% of GDP (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 79
[see also: Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-) country ranks ]
16.6% of GDP (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 141
17.8% of GDP (2012 est.)
[see also: Public debt country ranks ]
calendar year
4.6% (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 151
4.6% (2012 est.)
[see also: Inflation rate (consumer prices) country ranks ]
3.5% (31 December 2013)
country comparison to the world: 79
4.5% (31 December 2012)
note:
this is the basic rate on short-term operations
[see also: Central bank discount rate country ranks ]
12.26% (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 56
13.34% (31 December 2012 est.)
[see also: Commercial bank prime lending rate country ranks ]
$2.154 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 124
$1.701 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
[see also: Stock of narrow money country ranks ]
$4.974 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 129
$4.088 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
[see also: Stock of broad money country ranks ]
$2.978 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 124
$2.908 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
[see also: Stock of domestic credit country ranks ]
$65.28 million (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 110
$51.46 million (31 December 2012)
$20.71 million
[see also: Market value of publicly traded shares country ranks ]
-$507.7 million (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 101
-$495.3 million (2012 est.)
[see also: Current account balance country ranks ]
$2.399 billion (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 139
$2.162 billion (2012 est.)
[see also: Exports country ranks ]
foodstuffs, textiles, machinery
Russia 26.3%, Romania 17.2%, Italy 7.7%, Ukraine 5.9%, Turkey 5.3%, Germany 4.7%, GB 4.4% (2012 est.)
$5.493 billion (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 125
$5.213 billion (2012 est.)
[see also: Imports country ranks ]
mineral products and fuel, machinery and equipment, chemicals, textiles
Russia 14.3%, Romania 13.1%, Ukraine 12%, China 8.7%, Germany 7.2%, Turkey 6.9%, Italy 6.3% (2012 est.)
$2.814 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 112
$2.513 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
[see also: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold country ranks ]
$6.218 billion (30 September, 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 113
$5.984 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
[see also: Debt - external country ranks ]
$3.448 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 94
$3.262 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
[see also: Stock of direct foreign investment - at home country ranks ]
$108.2 million (31 December 2012)
country comparison to the world: 86
$88.42 million (31 December 2011)
[see also: Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad country ranks ]
Moldovan lei (MDL) per US dollar -
12.592 (2013 est.)
12.112 (2012 est.)
12.369 (2010 est.)
11.11 (2009)
10.326 (2008)