Economy - overview:
Poland has pursued a policy of economic liberalization since 1990 and Poland's economy was the only one in the EU to avoid a recession through the 2008-09 economic downturn. Although EU membership and access to EU structural funds have provided a major boost to the economy since 2004, GDP per capita remains significantly below the EU average while unemployment continues to exceed the EU average. The government of Prime Minister Donald TUSK steered the Polish economy through the economic downturn by skillfully managing public finances and adopting controversial pension and tax reforms to further shore up public finances. While the Polish economy has performed well over the past five years, growth slowed in 2012 and 2013, in part due to the ongoing economic difficulties in the euro zone. Short-term, the key policy challenge will be to consolidate debt and spending without stifling economic growth. Over the longer term, Poland's economic performance could improve if the country addresses some of the remaining deficiencies in its road and rail infrastructure, business environment, rigid labor code, commercial court system, government red tape, and burdensome tax system.
GDP (purchasing power parity): GDP (official exchange rate): GDP - real growth rate: GDP - per capita (PPP): Gross national saving: GDP - composition, by end use:
GDP - composition, by sector of origin:
Agriculture - products: Industries: Industrial production growth rate: Labor force: Labor force - by occupation:
Unemployment rate: Population below poverty line: Household income or consumption by percentage share:
Distribution of family income - Gini index: Budget:
Taxes and other revenues: Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-): Public debt: Fiscal year: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Central bank discount rate: Commercial bank prime lending rate: Stock of narrow money: Stock of broad money: Stock of domestic credit: Market value of publicly traded shares: Current account balance: Exports: Exports - commodities: Exports - partners: Imports: Imports - commodities: Imports - partners: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Debt - external: Stock of direct foreign investment - at home: Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad: Exchange rates:
$814 billion (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 22
$803.3 billion (2012 est.)
$788.6 billion (2011 est.)
note:
data are in 2013 US dollars
[see also: GDP country ranks ]
$513.9 billion (2013 est.)
[see also: GDP (official exchange rate) country ranks ]
1.3% (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 166
1.9% (2012 est.)
4.5% (2011 est.)
[see also: GDP - real growth rate country ranks ]
$21,100 (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 69
$20,800 (2012 est.)
$20,500 (2011 est.)
note:
data are in 2013 US dollars
[see also: GDP - per capita country ranks ]
16.8% of GDP (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 99
17.2% of GDP (2012 est.)
16.7% of GDP (2011 est.)
[see also: Gross national saving country ranks ]
household consumption:
61.5%
government consumption:
17.6%
investment in fixed capital:
18.3%
investment in inventories:
0.6%
exports of goods and services:
46.7%
imports of goods and services:
-44.7%
(2013 est.)
agriculture:
4%
industry:
33.3%
services:
62.7% (2013 est.)
potatoes, fruits, vegetables, wheat; poultry, eggs, pork, dairy
machine building, iron and steel, coal mining, chemicals, shipbuilding, food processing, glass, beverages, textiles
5.2% (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 53
[see also: Industrial production growth rate country ranks ]
18.22 million (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 34
[see also: Labor force country ranks ]
agriculture:
12.9%
industry:
30.2%
services:
57% (2010)
10.3% (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 109
10.1% (2012 est.)
[see also: Unemployment rate country ranks ]
10.6% (2008 est.)
[see also: Population below poverty line country ranks ]
lowest 10%:
3.3%
highest 10%:
27.1% (2009 est.)
34.1 (2009)
country comparison to the world: 95
31.6 (1998)
[see also: Distribution of family income - Gini index country ranks ]
revenues:
$92.5 billion
expenditures:
$92.47 billion (2013 est.)
18% of GDP (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 175
[see also: Taxes and other revenues country ranks ]
0% of GDP (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 42
[see also: Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-) country ranks ]
48.2% of GDP (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 71
48.3% of GDP (2012 est.)
note:
data cover general government debt, and includes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities, the data include subnational entities, as well as intra-governmental debt; intra-governmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions
[see also: Public debt country ranks ]
calendar year
1% (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 23
3.7% (2012 est.)
[see also: Inflation rate (consumer prices) country ranks ]
4.25% (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 92
4% (31 December 2010 est.)
[see also: Central bank discount rate country ranks ]
6.9% (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 102
8.73% (31 December 2012 est.)
[see also: Commercial bank prime lending rate country ranks ]
$162 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 24
$156.4 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
[see also: Stock of narrow money country ranks ]
$291.1 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 31
$290.5 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
[see also: Stock of broad money country ranks ]
$344.7 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 32
$328.4 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
[see also: Stock of domestic credit country ranks ]
$177.7 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 35
$138.2 billion (31 December 2011)
$190.2 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
[see also: Market value of publicly traded shares country ranks ]
-$11.06 billion (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 180
-$18.14 billion (2012 est.)
[see also: Current account balance country ranks ]
$202.3 billion (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 27
$191 billion (2012 est.)
[see also: Exports country ranks ]
machinery and transport equipment 37.8%, intermediate manufactured goods 23.7%, miscellaneous manufactured goods 17.1%, food and live animals 7.6%
Germany 26%, UK 7%, Czech Republic 6.5%, France 6%, Russia 5.2%, Italy 5%, Netherlands 4.6% (2012)
$207.4 billion (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 25
$197.7 billion (2012 est.)
[see also: Imports country ranks ]
machinery and transport equipment 38%, intermediate manufactured goods 21%, chemicals 15%, minerals, fuels, lubricants, and related materials 9% (2011 est.)
Germany 27.3%, Russia 12.2%, Netherlands 5.9%, China 5.4%, Italy 5.2%, Czech Republic 4.3%, France 4.2% (2012)
$107.8 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 23
$108.9 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
[see also: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold country ranks ]
$365.2 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 30
$364.2 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
[see also: Debt - external country ranks ]
$248.2 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 23
$246.5 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
[see also: Stock of direct foreign investment - at home country ranks ]
$69.78 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 33
$70.28 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
[see also: Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad country ranks ]
zlotych (PLN) per US dollar -
3.175 (2013 est.)
3.2565 (2012 est.)
3.0153 (2010 est.)
3.1214 (2009)
2.3 (2008)