Economy - overview:
Zimbabwe's economy is growing despite continuing political uncertainty. Following a decade of contraction from 1998 to 2008, Zimbabwe's economy recorded real growth of roughly 10% per year in 2010-11, before slowing in 2012-13 due poor harvests and low diamond revenues. The government of Zimbabwe faces a number of difficult economic problems, including infrastructure and regulatory deficiencies, ongoing indigenization pressure, policy uncertainty, a large external debt burden, and insufficient formal employment. Until early 2009, the Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe routinely printed money to fund the budget deficit, causing hyperinflation. Dollarization in early 2009 - which allowed currencies such as the Botswana pula, the South Africa rand, and the US dollar to be used locally - ended hyperinflation and reduced inflation below 10% per year, but exposed structural weaknesses that continue to inhibit broad-based growth.
GDP (purchasing power parity): GDP (official exchange rate): GDP - real growth rate: GDP - per capita (PPP): GDP - composition, by end use:
GDP - composition, by sector of origin:
Agriculture - products: Industries: Industrial production growth rate: Labor force: Labor force - by occupation:
Unemployment rate: Population below poverty line: Household income or consumption by percentage share:
Distribution of family income - Gini index: Budget:
Taxes and other revenues: Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-): Public debt: Fiscal year: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Central bank discount rate: Commercial bank prime lending rate: Stock of narrow money: Stock of broad money: Stock of domestic credit: Market value of publicly traded shares: Current account balance: Exports: Exports - commodities: Exports - partners: Imports: Imports - commodities: Imports - partners: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Debt - external: Stock of direct foreign investment - at home: Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad: Exchange rates:
$7.496 billion (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 158
$7.265 billion (2012 est.)
$6.957 billion (2011 est.)
note:
data are in 2013 US dollars
[see also: GDP country ranks ]
$10.48 billion (2013 est.)
[see also: GDP (official exchange rate) country ranks ]
3.2% (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 109
4.4% (2012 est.)
10.6% (2011 est.)
[see also: GDP - real growth rate country ranks ]
$600 (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 227
$600 (2012 est.)
$500 (2011 est.)
note:
data are in 2013 US dollars
[see also: GDP - per capita country ranks ]
household consumption:
68.5%
government consumption:
30.4%
investment in fixed capital:
22.2%
exports of goods and services:
68.4%
imports of goods and services:
-89.4%
(2013 est.)
agriculture:
20.1%
industry:
25.4%
services:
54.5% (2013 est.)
corn, cotton, tobacco, wheat, coffee, sugarcane, peanuts; sheep, goats, pigs
mining (coal, gold, platinum, copper, nickel, tin, diamonds, clay, numerous metallic and nonmetallic ores), steel; wood products, cement, chemicals, fertilizer, clothing and footwear, foodstuffs, beverages
3.7% (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 82
[see also: Industrial production growth rate country ranks ]
3.939 million (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 92
[see also: Labor force country ranks ]
agriculture:
66%
industry:
10%
services:
24% (1996)
95% (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 203
80% (2005 est.)
note:
figures include unemployment and underemployment; true unemployment is unknown and, under current economic conditions, unknowable
[see also: Unemployment rate country ranks ]
68% (2004)
[see also: Population below poverty line country ranks ]
lowest 10%:
2%
highest 10%:
40.4% (1995)
50.1 (2006)
country comparison to the world: 21
50.1 (1995)
[see also: Distribution of family income - Gini index country ranks ]
revenues:
$NA
expenditures:
$NA (2013 est.)
NA% of GDP
[see also: Taxes and other revenues country ranks ]
NA% of GDP
[see also: Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-) country ranks ]
202.4% of GDP (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 2
244.2% of GDP (2012 est.)
[see also: Public debt country ranks ]
calendar year
8.5% (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 199
8.2% (2012 est.)
[see also: Inflation rate (consumer prices) country ranks ]
7.17% (31 December 2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 1
975% (31 December 2007)
[see also: Central bank discount rate country ranks ]
28% (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 4
30% (31 December 2012 est.)
[see also: Commercial bank prime lending rate country ranks ]
$23.03 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 64
$12.27 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
note:
Zimbabwe's central bank no longer publishes data on monetary aggregates, except for bank deposits, which amounted to $2.1 billion in November 2010; the Zimbabwe dollar stopped circulating in early 2009; since then, the US dollar and South African rand have been the most frequently used currencies; there are no reliable estimates of the amount of foreign currency circulating in Zimbabwe
[see also: Stock of narrow money country ranks ]
$22.7 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 82
$47.61 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
[see also: Stock of broad money country ranks ]
$14.06 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 88
$9.844 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
[see also: Stock of domestic credit country ranks ]
$NA (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 64
$10.9 billion (31 December 2011)
$11.48 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
[see also: Market value of publicly traded shares country ranks ]
-$576 million (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 105
-$416.5 million (2012 est.)
[see also: Current account balance country ranks ]
$3.144 billion (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 128
$3.314 billion (2012 est.)
[see also: Exports country ranks ]
platinum, cotton, tobacco, gold, ferroalloys, textiles/clothing
China 21.1%, South Africa 15.1%, Democratic Republic of the Congo 12.1%, Botswana 10.8%, Italy 4.6% (2012)
$4.571 billion (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 135
$4.569 billion (2012 est.)
[see also: Imports country ranks ]
machinery and transport equipment, other manufactures, chemicals, fuels, food products
South Africa 51.9%, China 10% (2012)
$437 million (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 147
$575.6 million (31 December 2012 est.)
[see also: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold country ranks ]
$8.445 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 104
$8.765 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
[see also: Debt - external country ranks ]
$NA
[see also: Stock of direct foreign investment - at home country ranks ]
$NA
[see also: Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad country ranks ]
Zimbabwean dollars (ZWD) per US dollar -
234.25 (2010)
234.25 (2009)
9,686.8 (2007)
note:
the dollar was adopted as a legal currency in 2009; since then the Zimbabwean dollar has experienced hyperinflation and is essentially worthless