Location:
Southeastern Europe, bordering the Black Sea, between Bulgaria and Ukraine
Geographic coordinates:
46 00 N, 25 00 E
Map references:
Europe
Area:
Area - comparative: Land boundaries:
Coastline: Maritime claims:
Climate: Terrain: Elevation extremes:
Natural resources: Land use:
Irrigated land: Total renewable water resources: Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural):
Natural hazards: Environment - current issues: Environment - international agreements:
Geography - note:
total:
238,391 sq km
country comparison to the world: 83
land:
229,891 sq km
water:
8,500 sq km
slightly smaller than Oregon
total:
2,508 km
border countries:
Bulgaria 608 km, Hungary 443 km, Moldova 450 km, Serbia 476 km, Ukraine (north) 362 km, Ukraine (east) 169 km
[see also: Land boundaries country ranks ]
225 km
[see also: Coastline country ranks ]
territorial sea:
12 nm
contiguous zone:
24 nm
exclusive economic zone:
200 nm
continental shelf:
200 m depth or to the depth of exploitation
temperate; cold, cloudy winters with frequent snow and fog; sunny summers with frequent showers and thunderstorms
More Climate Details
central Transylvanian Basin is separated from the Moldavian Plateau on the east by the Eastern Carpathian Mountains and separated from the Walachian Plain on the south by the Transylvanian Alps
lowest point:
Black Sea 0 m
highest point:
Moldoveanu 2,544 m
petroleum (reserves declining), timber, natural gas, coal, iron ore, salt, arable land, hydropower
arable land:
37.73%
permanent crops:
1.86%
other:
60.41% (2011)
6,153 sq km (2007)
[see also: Irrigated land country ranks ]
211.9 cu km (2011)
[see also: Total renewable water resources country ranks ]
total:
6.88 cu km/yr (22%/61%/17%)
per capita:
320.8 cu m/yr (2009)
earthquakes, most severe in south and southwest; geologic structure and climate promote landslides
soil erosion and degradation; water pollution; air pollution in south from industrial effluents; contamination of Danube delta wetlands
party to:
Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified:
none of the selected agreements
controls most easily traversable land route between the Balkans, Moldova, and Ukraine